Peacock plants, also known as Calathea Makoyana or Cathedral Windows, are renowned for their striking foliage with patterns reminiscent of peacock feathers. They are native to Brazil and thrive in high-humidity environments. Here’s a detailed guide on how to grow and care for these stunning houseplants.
What Is a Peacock Plant?
- Botanical Name: Calathea Makoyana
- Common Names: Peacock plant, Cathedral windows
- Family: Marantaceae
- Native Area: Brazil
- Plant Type: Evergreen herbaceous perennial
- Features: Large, patterned leaves with green, cream, and pinkish-purple hues, and deep maroon undersides. Small, non-ornamental white flowers.
How Large Do Peacock Plants Grow?
- Height: Up to 4 feet tall.
- Growth Habit: Clumping, spreading widely rather than growing tall.
- Repotting: Necessary for full-size growth. To control size, keep in smaller pots.
When to Plant or Repot a Peacock Plant
- Timing: Early spring is ideal for planting or repotting to take advantage of the summer growing season.
- Indoor Conditions: Perfect for indoor growth in climates with cold winters.
How to Grow a Peacock Plant
Location:
- Light: Place in bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sunlight as it can scorch the leaves. Can tolerate low light if temperature and humidity are well-regulated.
- Temperature: Maintain consistent temperatures between 65-80°F (18-27°C). Avoid cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.
Container:
- Type: Use a container with drainage holes to ensure proper water drainage. Terra-cotta pots with drainage holes work well.
Soil:
- Mix: Use a well-draining potting mix that retains moisture. Enhance drainage by mixing in perlite or coarse sand.
- Preparation: Fill the container one-third full with the prepared soil.
Planting:
- Root Ball: Gently remove the root ball from its current container, shake off excess soil, and place it in the new pot. Fill around the roots with potting mix and lightly pat the soil down.
Watering:
- Initial Watering: Water immediately after planting.
- Ongoing: Water weekly or when the topsoil is dry. Use rainwater or distilled water if possible, as tap water can cause brown spots due to fluoride.
How to Care for a Peacock Plant
Watering:
- Frequency: Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top layer of soil becomes dry.
- Avoid Overwatering: Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.
Humidity:
- Requirement: High humidity is crucial. Aim for levels above 50%.
- Methods: Use a humidifier, place the plant in a bathroom, or set the pot on a pebble tray with water. Mist the leaves regularly.
Fertilizing:
- Schedule: Feed with a diluted liquid fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season (spring to fall).
Pests:
- Common Pests: Red spider mites may appear if conditions are too dry. Maintain adequate humidity to prevent these pests.
- Management: Monitor the plant regularly and use appropriate treatments if pests are detected.
Common Problems
Brown Leaf Tips:
- Causes: Low humidity, overwatering, or poor water quality.
- Solution: Increase humidity, adjust watering practices, and use distilled or rainwater.
Leaf Curling:
- Causes: Dry air or inconsistent watering.
- Solution: Maintain consistent humidity and ensure regular, appropriate watering.
Leaf Spotting:
- Causes: Fluoride in tap water or excessive water.
- Solution: Use filtered water and avoid waterlogging.
By following these care guidelines, you can enjoy the lush, decorative foliage of the Peacock plant and keep it thriving in your indoor space.